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Experiment number
  • If needed, multiple experiments were identified in a single publication based on differing sample types, separation protocols and/or vesicle types of interest.
Species
  • Species of origin of the EVs.
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the different steps of the separation protocol.
    • (d)(U)C = (differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
Details EV-TRACK ID Experiment nr. Species Sample type Separation protocol First author Year EV-METRIC
EV210153 3/11 Homo sapiens 22Rv1 (d)(U)C
Filtration
DG
Allelein, Susann 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Susann Allelein, Paula Medina-Perez, Ana Leonor Heitor Lopes, Sabrina Rau, Gerd Hause, Andreas Kölsch, Dirk Kuhlmeier
Journal
Sci Rep
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest due to their ability to provide diagnostic info (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest due to their ability to provide diagnostic information from liquid biopsies. Cells constantly release vesicles divers in size, content and features depending on the biogenesis, origin and function. This heterogeneity adds a layer of complexity when attempting to isolate and characterize EVs resulting in various protocols. Their high abundance in all bodily fluids and their stable source of origin dependent biomarkers make EVs a powerful tool in biomarker discovery and diagnostics. However, applications are limited by the quality of samples definition. Here, we compared frequently used isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. Then, we aimed for a tissue-specific isolation of prostate-derived EVs from cell culture supernatants with immunomagnetic beads. Quality and quantity of EVs were confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blot and electron microscopy. Additionally, a spotted antibody microarray was developed to characterize EV sub-populations. Current analysis of 16 samples on one microarray for 6 different EV surface markers in triplicate could be easily extended allowing a faster and more economical method to characterize samples. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
Filtration
DG
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ Alix/ CD9
non-EV: Calnexin
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.08-1.11
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Biomarker/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
22Rv1
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Cell viability (%)
95
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5
Highest density fraction
40
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
16
Sample volume (mL)
0.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
Surespin 630 (17 ml)
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
8.25
Pelleting: duration (min)
180
Pelleting: rotor type
Surespin 630 (36 ml)
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ TSG101/ Alix
Not detected contaminants
Calnexin
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
140
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 1.40E+11
EM
EM-type
Transmission electron microscopy
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV210118 1/4 Bos taurus cheese manufacturing byproducts DG
tangential flow filtration
Filtration
Sukreet, Sonal 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Sonal Sukreet, Camila Pereira Braga, Thuy T. An, Jiri Adamec, Juan Cui, Benjamin Trible, Janos Zempleni
Journal
Journal of Dairy Science
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as bioactive food compounds and for their use in drug delivery. The utility of small EV in milk (sMEV) as an animal feed additive and in drug delivery would be enhanced by cost-effective large-scale protocols for the enrichment of sMEV from byproducts in dairy plants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sMEV may be enriched from byproducts of cheesemaking by tangential flow filtration (EV-FF) and that the sMEV have properties similar to sMEV prepared by ultracentrifugation (sMEV-UC). Three fractions of EV were purified from the whey fraction of cottage cheese making by using EV-FF that passed through a membrane with a 50-kDa cutoff (50 penetrate; 50P), and subfractions of 50P that were retained (100 retentate; 100R) or passed through (100 penetrate; 100P) a membrane with a 100-kDa cutoff; sMEV-UC controls were prepared by serial ultracentrifugation. The abundance of sMEV (<200 nm) was less than 0.3% in EV-FF compared with sMEV-UC (1012/mL of milk). Despite the low EV count, the protein content (mg/mL) of 100R (63 ± 0.02; ± standard deviation) was higher than that of 50P (0.75 ± 0.10), 100P (0.65 ± 0.40), and sMEV-UC (27 ± 0.02). There were 17, 14, 35, and 75 distinct proteins detected by nontargeted mass spectrometry analysis in 50P, 100R, 100P, and sMEV-UC, respectively. Exosome markers CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP-70, PDCD6IP, and TSG101 were detected in control sMEV-UC but not in EV-FF by using targeted mass spectrometry and immunoblot analyses. Negative exosome markers, APOB, β-integrin, and histone H3 were below the limit of detection in EV-FF and control sMEV-UC analyzed by immunoblotting. The abundance of the major milk fat globule protein butyrophilin showed the following pattern: 100R ≫ 100P = 50P > sMEV-UC. More than 100 mature microRNA were detected in sMEV-UC by using sequencing analysis, compared with 36 to 60 microRNA in EV-FF. Only 100R and sMEV-UC yielded mRNA in quantities and qualities sufficient for sequencing analysis; an average of 276,000 and 838,000 reads were mapped to approximately 14,600 and 18,500 genes in 100R and sMEV-UC, respectively. In principal component analysis, microRNA, mRNA, and protein in EV-FF preparations clustered separately from control sMEV-UC. We conclude that under the conditions used here, flow filtration yields a heterogeneous population of milk EV. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
cheese manufacturing byproducts
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
tangential flow filtration
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ HSP70/ CD9
non-EV: Integrin-beta/ Histone H3/ ApoB
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.255
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
cheese manufacturing byproducts
Separation Method
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
5
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
3
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
None
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Other
Name other separation method
tangential flow filtration
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Size
Used subtypes
M.W. >100 kDa
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
TSG101/ HSP70
Not detected EV-associated proteins
CD81/ CD63/ CD9/ Alix
Detected contaminants
Histone H3/ Integrin-beta/ ApoB
Proteomics database
No
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
RNA sequencing
Database
Yes
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
DLS
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
1108+/-138
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
102.3+/-6.7
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 4.12+/-0.525E09
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV210118 2/4 Bos taurus cheese manufacturing byproducts DG
tangential flow filtration
Filtration
Sukreet, Sonal 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Sonal Sukreet, Camila Pereira Braga, Thuy T. An, Jiri Adamec, Juan Cui, Benjamin Trible, Janos Zempleni
Journal
Journal of Dairy Science
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as bioactive food compounds and for their use in drug delivery. The utility of small EV in milk (sMEV) as an animal feed additive and in drug delivery would be enhanced by cost-effective large-scale protocols for the enrichment of sMEV from byproducts in dairy plants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sMEV may be enriched from byproducts of cheesemaking by tangential flow filtration (EV-FF) and that the sMEV have properties similar to sMEV prepared by ultracentrifugation (sMEV-UC). Three fractions of EV were purified from the whey fraction of cottage cheese making by using EV-FF that passed through a membrane with a 50-kDa cutoff (50 penetrate; 50P), and subfractions of 50P that were retained (100 retentate; 100R) or passed through (100 penetrate; 100P) a membrane with a 100-kDa cutoff; sMEV-UC controls were prepared by serial ultracentrifugation. The abundance of sMEV (<200 nm) was less than 0.3% in EV-FF compared with sMEV-UC (1012/mL of milk). Despite the low EV count, the protein content (mg/mL) of 100R (63 ± 0.02; ± standard deviation) was higher than that of 50P (0.75 ± 0.10), 100P (0.65 ± 0.40), and sMEV-UC (27 ± 0.02). There were 17, 14, 35, and 75 distinct proteins detected by nontargeted mass spectrometry analysis in 50P, 100R, 100P, and sMEV-UC, respectively. Exosome markers CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP-70, PDCD6IP, and TSG101 were detected in control sMEV-UC but not in EV-FF by using targeted mass spectrometry and immunoblot analyses. Negative exosome markers, APOB, β-integrin, and histone H3 were below the limit of detection in EV-FF and control sMEV-UC analyzed by immunoblotting. The abundance of the major milk fat globule protein butyrophilin showed the following pattern: 100R ≫ 100P = 50P > sMEV-UC. More than 100 mature microRNA were detected in sMEV-UC by using sequencing analysis, compared with 36 to 60 microRNA in EV-FF. Only 100R and sMEV-UC yielded mRNA in quantities and qualities sufficient for sequencing analysis; an average of 276,000 and 838,000 reads were mapped to approximately 14,600 and 18,500 genes in 100R and sMEV-UC, respectively. In principal component analysis, microRNA, mRNA, and protein in EV-FF preparations clustered separately from control sMEV-UC. We conclude that under the conditions used here, flow filtration yields a heterogeneous population of milk EV. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
cheese manufacturing byproducts
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
tangential flow filtration
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: CD81/ Alix/ CD63/ CD9/ HSP70
non-EV: Integrin-beta/ Histone H3/ ApoB
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.255
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
cheese manufacturing byproducts
Separation Method
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
5
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
3
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
None
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Other
Name other separation method
tangential flow filtration
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Size
Used subtypes
M.W. 50 kDa to 100 kDa
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
HSP70
Not detected EV-associated proteins
CD81/ CD63/ CD9/ Alix
Not detected contaminants
Histone H3/ Integrin-beta/ ApoB
Proteomics database
No
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
RNAsequencing
Database
Yes
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
DLS
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
45+/-17
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
80.9+/-4.3
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 2.06+/-0.22E09
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV210118 3/4 Bos taurus cheese manufacturing byproducts DG
tangential flow filtration
Filtration
Sukreet, Sonal 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Sonal Sukreet, Camila Pereira Braga, Thuy T. An, Jiri Adamec, Juan Cui, Benjamin Trible, Janos Zempleni
Journal
Journal of Dairy Science
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as bioactive food compounds and for their use in drug delivery. The utility of small EV in milk (sMEV) as an animal feed additive and in drug delivery would be enhanced by cost-effective large-scale protocols for the enrichment of sMEV from byproducts in dairy plants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sMEV may be enriched from byproducts of cheesemaking by tangential flow filtration (EV-FF) and that the sMEV have properties similar to sMEV prepared by ultracentrifugation (sMEV-UC). Three fractions of EV were purified from the whey fraction of cottage cheese making by using EV-FF that passed through a membrane with a 50-kDa cutoff (50 penetrate; 50P), and subfractions of 50P that were retained (100 retentate; 100R) or passed through (100 penetrate; 100P) a membrane with a 100-kDa cutoff; sMEV-UC controls were prepared by serial ultracentrifugation. The abundance of sMEV (<200 nm) was less than 0.3% in EV-FF compared with sMEV-UC (1012/mL of milk). Despite the low EV count, the protein content (mg/mL) of 100R (63 ± 0.02; ± standard deviation) was higher than that of 50P (0.75 ± 0.10), 100P (0.65 ± 0.40), and sMEV-UC (27 ± 0.02). There were 17, 14, 35, and 75 distinct proteins detected by nontargeted mass spectrometry analysis in 50P, 100R, 100P, and sMEV-UC, respectively. Exosome markers CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP-70, PDCD6IP, and TSG101 were detected in control sMEV-UC but not in EV-FF by using targeted mass spectrometry and immunoblot analyses. Negative exosome markers, APOB, β-integrin, and histone H3 were below the limit of detection in EV-FF and control sMEV-UC analyzed by immunoblotting. The abundance of the major milk fat globule protein butyrophilin showed the following pattern: 100R ≫ 100P = 50P > sMEV-UC. More than 100 mature microRNA were detected in sMEV-UC by using sequencing analysis, compared with 36 to 60 microRNA in EV-FF. Only 100R and sMEV-UC yielded mRNA in quantities and qualities sufficient for sequencing analysis; an average of 276,000 and 838,000 reads were mapped to approximately 14,600 and 18,500 genes in 100R and sMEV-UC, respectively. In principal component analysis, microRNA, mRNA, and protein in EV-FF preparations clustered separately from control sMEV-UC. We conclude that under the conditions used here, flow filtration yields a heterogeneous population of milk EV. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
cheese manufacturing byproducts
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
tangential flow filtration
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: CD81/ Alix/ CD63/ CD9/ HSP70
non-EV: Integrin-beta/ Histone H3/ ApoB
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.255
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
cheese manufacturing byproducts
Separation Method
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
5
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
3
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
None
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Other
Name other separation method
tangential flow filtration
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Size
Used subtypes
M.W. >50 kDa
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
HSP70
Not detected EV-associated proteins
CD81/ CD63/ CD9/ Alix
Not detected contaminants
Histone H3/ Integrin-beta/ ApoB
Proteomics database
No
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
RNAsequencing
Database
Yes
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
DLS
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
157+/-122
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
90.8
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 1.44+/-0.144E09
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV210118 4/4 Bos taurus skim milk DG
(d)(U)C
Sukreet, Sonal 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Sonal Sukreet, Camila Pereira Braga, Thuy T. An, Jiri Adamec, Juan Cui, Benjamin Trible, Janos Zempleni
Journal
Journal of Dairy Science
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EV) in milk, particularly exosomes, have attracted considerable attention as bioactive food compounds and for their use in drug delivery. The utility of small EV in milk (sMEV) as an animal feed additive and in drug delivery would be enhanced by cost-effective large-scale protocols for the enrichment of sMEV from byproducts in dairy plants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sMEV may be enriched from byproducts of cheesemaking by tangential flow filtration (EV-FF) and that the sMEV have properties similar to sMEV prepared by ultracentrifugation (sMEV-UC). Three fractions of EV were purified from the whey fraction of cottage cheese making by using EV-FF that passed through a membrane with a 50-kDa cutoff (50 penetrate; 50P), and subfractions of 50P that were retained (100 retentate; 100R) or passed through (100 penetrate; 100P) a membrane with a 100-kDa cutoff; sMEV-UC controls were prepared by serial ultracentrifugation. The abundance of sMEV (<200 nm) was less than 0.3% in EV-FF compared with sMEV-UC (1012/mL of milk). Despite the low EV count, the protein content (mg/mL) of 100R (63 ± 0.02; ± standard deviation) was higher than that of 50P (0.75 ± 0.10), 100P (0.65 ± 0.40), and sMEV-UC (27 ± 0.02). There were 17, 14, 35, and 75 distinct proteins detected by nontargeted mass spectrometry analysis in 50P, 100R, 100P, and sMEV-UC, respectively. Exosome markers CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP-70, PDCD6IP, and TSG101 were detected in control sMEV-UC but not in EV-FF by using targeted mass spectrometry and immunoblot analyses. Negative exosome markers, APOB, β-integrin, and histone H3 were below the limit of detection in EV-FF and control sMEV-UC analyzed by immunoblotting. The abundance of the major milk fat globule protein butyrophilin showed the following pattern: 100R ≫ 100P = 50P > sMEV-UC. More than 100 mature microRNA were detected in sMEV-UC by using sequencing analysis, compared with 36 to 60 microRNA in EV-FF. Only 100R and sMEV-UC yielded mRNA in quantities and qualities sufficient for sequencing analysis; an average of 276,000 and 838,000 reads were mapped to approximately 14,600 and 18,500 genes in 100R and sMEV-UC, respectively. In principal component analysis, microRNA, mRNA, and protein in EV-FF preparations clustered separately from control sMEV-UC. We conclude that under the conditions used here, flow filtration yields a heterogeneous population of milk EV. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
skim milk
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
(d)(U)C
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ HSP70/ CD9
non-EV: Integrin-beta/ Histone H3/ ApoB
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.255
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
skim milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
90
Pelleting: rotor type
F37L-8x100
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
1
Wash: time (min)
90
Wash: Rotor Type
F37L-8x100
Wash: speed (g)
120000
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
5
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
3
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
None
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Alix/ CD9/ CD63/ TSG101/ HSP70/ CD81
Not detected contaminants
Histone H3/ Integrin-beta/ ApoB
Proteomics database
No
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
RNAsequencing
Database
Yes
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
DLS
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
115+/-31
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
106.6
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 1.42+/-0.0536E14
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV210043 1/2 Homo sapiens hcMEC/D3 DG
(d)(U)C
UF
Filtration
Fikatas, Antonios 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Antonios Fikatas, Jonas Dehairs, Sam Noppen, Jordi Doijen, Frank Vanderhoydonc, Eef Meyen, Johannes V Swinnen, Christophe Pannecouque, Dominique Schols
Journal
Viruses
Abstract
To date, no vaccines or antivirals are available against Zika virus (ZIKV). In addition, the mechani (show more...)To date, no vaccines or antivirals are available against Zika virus (ZIKV). In addition, the mechanisms underlying ZIKV-associated pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unexplored. Getting more insight into the cellular pathways that ZIKV recruits to facilitate infection of susceptible cells will be crucial for establishing an effective treatment strategy. In general, cells secrete a number of vesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), in response to viral infections. These EVs serve as intercellular communicators. Here, we investigated the role of EVs derived from ZIKV-infected human brain microvascular endothelial cells on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) system. We demonstrated that ZIKV-infected EVs (IEVs) can incorporate viral components, including ZIKV RNA, NS1, and E-protein, and further transfer them to several types of CNS cells. Using label-free impedance-based biosensing, we observed that ZIKV and IEVs can temporally disturb the monolayer integrity of BBB-mimicking cells, possibly by inducing structural rearrangements of the adherent protein VE-cadherin (immunofluorescence staining). Finally, differences in the lipidomic profile between EVs and their parental cells possibly suggest a preferential sorting mechanism of specific lipid species into the vesicles. To conclude, these data suggest that IEVs could be postulated as vehicles (Trojan horse) for ZIKV transmission via the BBB. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
(d)(U)C
UF
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ Alix/ CD63
non-EV: Calnexin
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.06-1.16
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
hcMEC/D3
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
Commercial EDS
Cell viability (%)
NA
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
1260
Pelleting: rotor type
TH-641
Pelleting: speed (g)
100 000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
10
Wash: time (min)
180
Wash: Rotor Type
TH-641
Wash: speed (g)
100 000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
10
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
TH-641
Speed (g)
100 000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1,5
Fraction processing
None
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Ultra filtration
Cut-off size (kDa)
10
Membrane type
Regenerated cellulose
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Bradford
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ TSG101/ Alix
Not detected contaminants
Calnexin
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
165
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 1,50E+08
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
130
EV200102 1/7 Homo sapiens THP1 DG
(d)(U)C
qEV
Tóth, Eszter 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Eszter Á Tóth, Lilla Turiák, Tamás Visnovitz, Csaba Cserép, Anett Mázló, Barbara W Sódar, András I Försönits, Gábor Petővári, Anna Sebestyén, Zsolt Komlósi, László Drahos, Ágnes Kittel, György Nagy, Attila Bácsi, Ádám Dénes, Yong Song Gho, Katalin É Szabó-Taylor, Edit I Buzás
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
In this study we tested whether a protein corona is formed around extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bl (show more...)In this study we tested whether a protein corona is formed around extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma. We isolated medium-sized nascent EVs of THP1 cells as well as of Optiprep-purified platelets, and incubated them in EV-depleted blood plasma from healthy subjects and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. EVs were subjected to differential centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, or density gradient ultracentrifugation followed by mass spectrometry. Plasma protein-coated EVs had a higher density compared to the nascent ones and carried numerous newly associated proteins. Interactions between plasma proteins and EVs were confirmed by confocal microscopy, capillary Western immunoassay, immune electron microscopy and flow cytometry. We identified nine shared EV corona proteins (ApoA1, ApoB, ApoC3, ApoE, complement factors 3 and 4B, fibrinogen α-chain, immunoglobulin heavy constant γ2 and γ4 chains), which appear to be common corona proteins among EVs, viruses and artificial nanoparticles in blood plasma. An unexpected finding of this study was the high overlap of the composition of the protein corona with blood plasma protein aggregates. This is explained by our finding that besides a diffuse, patchy protein corona, large protein aggregates also associate with the surface of EVs. However, while EVs with an external plasma protein cargo induced an increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, EV-free protein aggregates had no effect. In conclusion, our data may shed new light on the origin of the commonly reported plasma protein 'contamination' of EV preparations and may add a new perspective to EV research. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
Density gradient
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Commercial method
Protein markers
EV: CD63/ Phosphatydilserine
non-EV: None
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.10-1.15
Show all info
Study aim
Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
THP1
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Cell viability (%)
93
Cell count
80000000
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
40
Pelleting: rotor type
FA-45-24-11
Pelleting: speed (g)
12500
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
1
Wash: time (min)
40
Wash: Rotor Type
FA-45-24-11
Wash: speed (g)
12500
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
4.5
Sample volume (mL)
0.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
MLS-50
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
2
Pelleting: duration (min)
80
Pelleting: rotor type
FA-45-24-11
Pelleting: speed (g)
12500
Commercial kit
qEV
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
microBCA
Flow cytometry
Type of Flow cytometry
FACS Calibur
Calibration bead size
The vesicular gate was set using Megamix Beads (Bi
Detected EV-associated proteins
Phosphatydilserine
Proteomics database
Yes:
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
TRPS
Report type
Modus
Reported size (nm)
244
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
FACS Calibur
Hardware adjustment
Calibration bead size
0.160;0.200;0.240;0.500
Report type
Not Reported
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV200099 1/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
raw
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.20-1.24
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.20-1.24
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 2/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
raw
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.18-1.13
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.18-1.13
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
Report type
Not Reported
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 3/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
pasteurized
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.20-1.24
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.20-1.24
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 4/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
pasteurized
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.18-1.13
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.18-1.13
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
Report type
Not Reported
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 5/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
pasteurized and homogenized
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.20-1.24
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.20-1.24
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 6/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
pasteurized and homogenized
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.18-1.13
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.18-1.13
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
Report type
Not Reported
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 7/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
UHT
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.20-1.24
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.20-1.24
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200099 8/8 Bos taurus milk (d)(U)C
DG
Kleinjan, Marije 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Marije Kleinjan, Martijn Jc van Herwijnen, Sten Fwm Libregts, Rj Joost van Neerven, Anouk L Feitsma, Marca Hm Wauben
Journal
J Nutr
Abstract
Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellul (show more...)Background: Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating the recipients’ cellular processes via their selectively incorporated bioactive molecules. Because some of these EV components are evolutionarily conserved, EVs present in commercial milk might have the potential to regulate cellular processes in human consumers. Objectives: Because commercial milk is subjected to industrial processing, we investigated its effect on the number and integrity of isolated milk EVs and their bioactive components. For this, we compared EVs isolated from raw bovine milk with EVs isolated from different types of commercial milk, including pasteurized milk, either homogenized or not, and ultra heat treated (UHT) milk. Methods: EVs were separated from other milk components by differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs from different milk types were compared by single-particle high-resolution fluorescence-based flow cytometry to determine EV numbers, Cryo-electron microscopy to visualize EV integrity and morphology, western blot analysis to investigate EV-associated protein cargo, and RNA analysis to assess total small RNA concentration and milk-EV-specific microRNA expression. Results: In UHT milk, we could not detect intact EVs. Interestingly, although pasteurization (irrespective of homogenization) did not affect mean ± SD EV numbers (3.4 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108–2.8 × 108 ± 0.3 × 107 compared with 3.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108 in raw milk), it affected EV integrity and appearance, altered their protein signature, and resulted in a loss of milk-EV-associated RNAs (from 40.2 ± 3.4 ng/μL in raw milk to 17.7 ± 5.4–23.3 ± 10.0 mg/μL in processed milk, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Commercial milk, that has been heated by either pasteurization or UHT, contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs seemed resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity was affected and their molecular composition was altered. Thus, the possible transfer of bioactive components via bovine milk EVs to human consumers is likely diminished or altered in heat-treated commercial milk. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (93rd percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
milk
Sample origin
UHT
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: MFG-E8/ CD63/ TSG101/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: beta-lactoglobulin/ beta-casein
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.18-1.13
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
0.4M
Highest density fraction
2.5M
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
6.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Speed (g)
192000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
1.5
Pelleting: duration (min)
65
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 40 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
Density
Used subtypes
1.18-1.13
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ MFG-E8/ TSG101
Not detected contaminants
beta-casein/ beta-lactoglobulin
Characterization: RNA analysis
RNA analysis
Type
(RT)(q)PCR
Database
No
Proteinase treatment
No
RNAse treatment
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)
Hardware adjustment
High-resolution flow cytometric analysis of PKH67-stained samples was performed on a BD Influx cell sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) that was dedicated and optimized for detection of submicron-sized particles
Calibration bead size
0.1
Report type
Not Reported
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
200
EV200049 1/2 Homo sapiens placental tissue culture supernatrant DG
(d)(U)C
Bergamelli, Mathilde 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Mathilde Bergamelli, Hélène Martin, Mélinda Bénard, Jérôme Ausseil, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Ilse Hurbain, Maïlys Mouysset, Marion Groussolles, Géraldine Cartron, Yann Tanguy le Gac, Nathalie Moinard, Elsa Suberbielle, Jacques Izopet, Charlotte Tscherning, Graça Raposo, Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia, Gisela D'Angelo, Cécile E Malnou
Journal
Front Cell Dev Biol
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as key players in a wide variety of p (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as key players in a wide variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including during pregnancy. Notably, EVs appear both as possible biomarkers and as mediators involved in the communication of the placenta with the maternal and fetal sides. A better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of EVs strongly depends on the development of adequate and reliable study models, specifically at the beginning of pregnancy where many adverse pregnancy outcomes have their origin. In this study, we describe the isolation of small EVs from a histoculture model of first trimester placental explants in normal conditions as well as upon infection by human cytomegalovirus. Using bead-based multiplex cytometry and electron microscopy combined with biochemical approaches, we characterized these small EVs and defined their associated markers and ultrastructure. We observed that infection led to changes in the expression level of several surface markers, without affecting the secretion and integrity of small EVs. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the functional role of EVs during early pregnancy, along with the identification of new predictive biomarkers for the severity and outcome of this congenital infection, which are still sorely lacking. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
placental tissue culture supernatrant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
Other / small extracellular vesicles
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
(d)(U)C
Protein markers
EV: CD29/ CD63/ CD81/ CD44/ CD326/ CD9
non-EV: Calreticulin
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.103
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
placental tissue culture supernatrant
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 32 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
3
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
10
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1.7
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
25
Pelleting: duration (min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 32 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63
Not detected EV-associated proteins
CD81/ CD9
Not detected contaminants
Calreticulin
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ CD29/ CD44/ CD326/ CD81/ CD63
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Modus
Reported size (nm)
143
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 1.00E+08
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
mascquant VYB
Hardware adjustment
Use of calibration beads FITC positive, of different size (500, 240, 200 and 160 nm) and granulosity that allow bead population separation and calibration of the cytometer , creation of a gate on 200 nm and smaller events
Calibration bead size
0.16
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Immuno-EM/ Transmission-EM
EM protein
CD63
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
95
EV200049 2/2 Homo sapiens placental tissue culture supernatrant DG
(d)(U)C
Bergamelli, Mathilde 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Mathilde Bergamelli, Hélène Martin, Mélinda Bénard, Jérôme Ausseil, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Ilse Hurbain, Maïlys Mouysset, Marion Groussolles, Géraldine Cartron, Yann Tanguy le Gac, Nathalie Moinard, Elsa Suberbielle, Jacques Izopet, Charlotte Tscherning, Graça Raposo, Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia, Gisela D'Angelo, Cécile E Malnou
Journal
Front Cell Dev Biol
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as key players in a wide variety of p (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as key players in a wide variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including during pregnancy. Notably, EVs appear both as possible biomarkers and as mediators involved in the communication of the placenta with the maternal and fetal sides. A better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of EVs strongly depends on the development of adequate and reliable study models, specifically at the beginning of pregnancy where many adverse pregnancy outcomes have their origin. In this study, we describe the isolation of small EVs from a histoculture model of first trimester placental explants in normal conditions as well as upon infection by human cytomegalovirus. Using bead-based multiplex cytometry and electron microscopy combined with biochemical approaches, we characterized these small EVs and defined their associated markers and ultrastructure. We observed that infection led to changes in the expression level of several surface markers, without affecting the secretion and integrity of small EVs. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the functional role of EVs during early pregnancy, along with the identification of new predictive biomarkers for the severity and outcome of this congenital infection, which are still sorely lacking. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
placental tissue culture supernatrant
Sample origin
in vitro hCMV infected placental tissue
Focus vesicles
Other / small extracellular vesicles
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
(d)(U)C
Protein markers
EV: CD29/ CD63/ CD81/ CD44/ CD326/ CD9
non-EV: Calreticulin
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.103
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
placental tissue culture supernatrant
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 32 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
3
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
10
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1.7
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
25
Pelleting: duration (min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 32 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Not determined
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63
Not detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ CD9
Not detected contaminants
Calreticulin
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ CD29/ CD44/ CD326/ CD81/ CD63
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Not Reported
Particle analysis: flow cytometry
Flow cytometer type
mascquant VYB
Hardware adjustment
Use of calibration beads FITC positive, of different size (500, 240, 200 and 160 nm) and granulosity that allow bead population separation and calibration of the cytometer , creation of a gate on 200 nm and smaller events
Calibration bead size
0.16
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
140
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Immuno-EM/ Transmission-EM
EM protein
CD63
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
100
EV200010 4/4 Homo sapiens Blood plasma DG
(d)(U)C
SEC
Kuypers, Sören 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Sören Kuypers, Nick Smisdom, Isabel Pintelon, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, Marcel Ameloot, Luc Michiels, Jelle Hendrix, Baharak Hosseinkhani
Journal
Small
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are biological nanoparticles that play an important role in cell-to-cell (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EV) are biological nanoparticles that play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. The phenotypic profile of EV populations is a promising reporter of disease, with direct clinical diagnostic relevance. Yet, robust methods for quantifying the biomarker content of EV have been critically lacking, and require a single-particle approach due to their inherent heterogeneous nature. Here, multicolor single-molecule burst analysis microscopy is used to detect multiple biomarkers present on single EV. The authors classify the recorded signals and apply the machine learning-based t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding algorithm to cluster the resulting multidimensional data. As a proof of principle, the authors use the method to assess both the purity and the inflammatory status of EV, and compare cell culture and plasma-derived EV isolated via different purification methods. This methodology is then applied to identify intercellular adhesion molecule-1 specific EV subgroups released by inflamed endothelial cells, and to prove that apolipoprotein-a1 is an excellent marker to identify the typical lipoprotein contamination in plasma. This methodology can be widely applied on standard confocal microscopes, thereby allowing both standardized quality assessment of patient plasma EV preparations, and diagnostic profiling of multiple EV biomarkers in health and disease. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Blood plasma
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
(d)(U)C
SEC
Protein markers
EV: ICAM/ CD63/ CD9/ ANXA2
non-EV: APOA1
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.1
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Biomarker/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Blood plasma
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
16.5
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 28.1
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1451
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Size-exclusion chromatography
Size-exclusion chromatography
Total column volume (mL)
10
Sample volume/column (mL)
1-6
Resin type
Sepharose CL-2B
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
microBCA
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ ANXA2
Not detected contaminants
APOA1
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ CD63/ ICAM
Not detected contaminants
APOA1
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
100-200
EV concentration
Yes
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
100-200
EV190096 1/2 Bos taurus skim milk acetic acid treatment
DG
(d)(U)C
Filtration
Mukhopadhya, Anindya 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Anindya Mukhopadhya, Jessie Santoro, Barry Moran, Zivile Useckaite, Lorraine O'Driscoll
Journal
Food Chem.
Abstract
Many infants are fed infant milk formula (IMF). However, IMF production from skim milk (SM) involves (show more...)Many infants are fed infant milk formula (IMF). However, IMF production from skim milk (SM) involves harsh treatment. So, we hypothesised that the quantity and/or quality of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in IMF may be reduced. Thus, firstly, we aimed to optimise separation of EVs from IMF and SM and, secondly, we aimed to compare the EV isolates from these two sources. Prior to EV isolation, abundant casein micelles of similar sizes to EVs were removed by treating milk samples with either acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Samples progressed to differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) or gradient ultracentrifugation (GUC). EV characterisation included BCA, SDS-PAGE, nanoparticle tracking (NTA), electron microscopy (TEM), immunoblotting, and imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). Reduced EV concentrations were found in IMF. SM-derived EVs were intact, while IMF contained disrupted EV-like structures. EV biomarkers were more abundant with isolates from SM, indicating EV proteins in IMF are compromised. Altogether, a suitable method combining acid pre-treatment with GUC for EV separation from milk products was developed. EVs appear to be substantially compromised in IMF compared to SM. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
skim milk
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
acetic acid treatment
DG
(d)(U)C
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ CD63/ CD81/ HLADR/ ADAM10/ CD9
non-EV: Actinin4
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.15
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
skim milk
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Equal to or above 150,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
5
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
17
Sample volume (mL)
2.33
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
Type 70.1Ti
Speed (g)
186000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
9
Pelleting: duration (min)
90
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 32 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
110000
Filtration steps
0.45µm > x > 0.22µm,
Other
Name other separation method
acetic acid treatment
Other
Name other separation method
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
BCA
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ TSG101
Not detected EV-associated proteins
Detected contaminants
Not detected contaminants
Actinin4
Flow cytometry
Type of Flow cytometry
AMNIS ImageStreamX Mark II Flow Cytometer
Calibration bead size
none
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ CD9/ CD81/ ADAM10/ HLADR
Not detected EV-associated proteins
Detected contaminants
Not detected contaminants
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
160
EV concentration
Yes
EV190096 2/2 Bos taurus powdered infant milk formula acetic acid treatment
DG
(d)(U)C
Filtration
Mukhopadhya, Anindya 2021 100%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Anindya Mukhopadhya, Jessie Santoro, Barry Moran, Zivile Useckaite, Lorraine O'Driscoll
Journal
Food Chem.
Abstract
Many infants are fed infant milk formula (IMF). However, IMF production from skim milk (SM) involves (show more...)Many infants are fed infant milk formula (IMF). However, IMF production from skim milk (SM) involves harsh treatment. So, we hypothesised that the quantity and/or quality of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in IMF may be reduced. Thus, firstly, we aimed to optimise separation of EVs from IMF and SM and, secondly, we aimed to compare the EV isolates from these two sources. Prior to EV isolation, abundant casein micelles of similar sizes to EVs were removed by treating milk samples with either acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Samples progressed to differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) or gradient ultracentrifugation (GUC). EV characterisation included BCA, SDS-PAGE, nanoparticle tracking (NTA), electron microscopy (TEM), immunoblotting, and imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). Reduced EV concentrations were found in IMF. SM-derived EVs were intact, while IMF contained disrupted EV-like structures. EV biomarkers were more abundant with isolates from SM, indicating EV proteins in IMF are compromised. Altogether, a suitable method combining acid pre-treatment with GUC for EV separation from milk products was developed. EVs appear to be substantially compromised in IMF compared to SM. (hide)
EV-METRIC
100% (50th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
powdered infant milk formula
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
acetic acid treatment
DG
(d)(U)C
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ CD63/ CD81/ HLADR/ ADAM10/ CD9
non-EV: Actinin4
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.15
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Bos taurus
Sample Type
powdered infant milk formula
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Equal to or above 150,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
5
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
17
Sample volume (mL)
2.33
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
Type 70.1Ti
Speed (g)
186000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
9
Pelleting: duration (min)
90
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 32 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
110000
Filtration steps
0.45µm > x > 0.22µm,
Other
Name other separation method
acetic acid treatment
Other
Name other separation method
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
BCA
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ TSG101
Not detected EV-associated proteins
Detected contaminants
Not detected contaminants
Actinin4
Flow cytometry
Type of Flow cytometry
AMNIS ImageStreamX Mark II Flow Cytometer
Calibration bead size
none
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ CD9/ CD81/ ADAM10/ HLADR
Not detected EV-associated proteins
Detected contaminants
Not detected contaminants
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
175
EV concentration
Yes
EV210262 1/2 Homo sapiens hiPSC-derived RPE (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Flores-Bellver, Miguel 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Miguel Flores-Bellver, Jason Mighty, Silvia Aparicio-Domingo, Kang V Li, Cui Shi, Jing Zhou, Hannah Cobb, Patrick McGrath, German Michelis, Patricia Lenhart, Ganna Bilousova, Søren Heissel, Michael J Rudy, Christina Coughlan 10 , Andrew E Goodspeed 11 12 , S Patricia Becerra, Stephen Redenti 13 , M Valeria Canto-Soler
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Drusen are key con (show more...)Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Drusen are key contributors to the etiology of AMD and the ability to modulate drusen biogenesis could lead to therapeutic strategies to slow or halt AMD progression. The mechanisms underlying drusen biogenesis, however, remain mostly unknown. Here we demonstrate that under homeostatic conditions extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are enriched in proteins associated with mechanisms involved in AMD pathophysiology, including oxidative stress, immune response, inflammation, complement system and drusen composition. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that drusen-associated proteins are released as cargo of extracellular vesicles secreted by RPE cells in a polarised apical:basal mode. Notably, drusen-associated proteins exhibited distinctive directional secretion modes in homeostatic conditions and, differential modulation of this directional secretion in response to AMD stressors. These observations underpin the existence of a finely-tuned mechanism regulating directional apical:basal sorting and secretion of drusen-associated proteins via EVs, and its modulation in response to mechanisms involved in AMD pathophysiology. Collectively, our results strongly support an active role of RPE-derived EVs as a key source of drusen proteins and important contributors to drusen development and growth. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
7.66 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: CD63/ Flotillin-1/ HSP70/ HSP90/ TSG101
non-EV: GM130
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.064
Show all info
Study aim
Mechanism of uptake/transfer/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
hiPSC-derived RPE
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
Commercial EDS
Cell viability (%)
99
Cell count
8400000
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
90
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70.1Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
10
Wash: time (min)
90
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70.1Ti
Wash: speed (g)
120000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
7.66E
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
10
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
141000
Duration (min)
3600
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
9
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
7.66E
Filtration steps
0.2 or 0.22 ?m
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
microBCA
Protein Yield (µg)
15
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ Flotillin-1/ HSP70/ HSP90/ TSG101
Detected contaminants
GM130
Proteomics database
Yes
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
120
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
particles per milliliter of starting sample: 4.00e+10
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up
Report size (nm)
120
EV210262 2/2 Homo sapiens hiPSC-derived RPE (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Flores-Bellver, Miguel 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Miguel Flores-Bellver, Jason Mighty, Silvia Aparicio-Domingo, Kang V Li, Cui Shi, Jing Zhou, Hannah Cobb, Patrick McGrath, German Michelis, Patricia Lenhart, Ganna Bilousova, Søren Heissel, Michael J Rudy, Christina Coughlan 10 , Andrew E Goodspeed 11 12 , S Patricia Becerra, Stephen Redenti 13 , M Valeria Canto-Soler
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Drusen are key con (show more...)Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Drusen are key contributors to the etiology of AMD and the ability to modulate drusen biogenesis could lead to therapeutic strategies to slow or halt AMD progression. The mechanisms underlying drusen biogenesis, however, remain mostly unknown. Here we demonstrate that under homeostatic conditions extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are enriched in proteins associated with mechanisms involved in AMD pathophysiology, including oxidative stress, immune response, inflammation, complement system and drusen composition. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that drusen-associated proteins are released as cargo of extracellular vesicles secreted by RPE cells in a polarised apical:basal mode. Notably, drusen-associated proteins exhibited distinctive directional secretion modes in homeostatic conditions and, differential modulation of this directional secretion in response to AMD stressors. These observations underpin the existence of a finely-tuned mechanism regulating directional apical:basal sorting and secretion of drusen-associated proteins via EVs, and its modulation in response to mechanisms involved in AMD pathophysiology. Collectively, our results strongly support an active role of RPE-derived EVs as a key source of drusen proteins and important contributors to drusen development and growth. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Cigarette smoke treatment
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
7.66 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: CD63/ Flotillin-1/ HSP70/ HSP90/ TSG101
non-EV: GM130
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.064
Show all info
Study aim
Mechanism of uptake/transfer/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
hiPSC-derived RPE
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
Commercial EDS
Cell viability (%)
99
Cell count
8400000
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
90
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70.1Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
10
Wash: time (min)
90
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70.1Ti
Wash: speed (g)
120000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
7.66E
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
10
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
141000
Duration (min)
3600
Fraction volume (mL)
0.5
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
9
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
7.66E
Filtration steps
0.2 or 0.22 ?m
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
microBCA
Protein Yield (µg)
15
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ Flotillin-1/ HSP70/ HSP90/ TSG101
Detected contaminants
GM130
Proteomics database
Yes
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
120
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
particles per milliliter of starting sample: 4.70e+11
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up
Report size (nm)
120
EV210261 1/8 Homo sapiens SW620 (d)(U)C
DG
Rai, Alin 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Alin Rai, Haoyun Fang, Bethany Claridge, Richard J. Simpson, and David W Greening
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
The extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteome (surfaceome) acts as a fundamental signalling gatewa (show more...)The extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteome (surfaceome) acts as a fundamental signalling gateway by bridging intra‐ and extracellular signalling networks, dictates EVs’ capacity to communicate and interact with their environment, and is a source of potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, our understanding of surface protein composition of large EVs (L‐EVs, 100–800 nm, mean 310 nm, ATP5F1A, ATP5F1B, DHX9, GOT2, HSPA5, HSPD1, MDH2, STOML2), a major EV‐subtype that are distinct from small EVs (S‐EVs, 30–150 nm, mean 110 nm, CD44, CD63, CD81, CD82, CD9, PDCD6IP, SDCBP, TSG101) remains limited. Using a membrane impermeant derivative of biotin to capture surface proteins coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, we show that out of 4143 proteins identified in density‐gradient purified L‐EVs (1.07–1.11 g/mL, from multiple cancer cell lines), 961 proteins are surface accessible. The surface molecular diversity of L‐EVs include (i) bona fide plasma membrane anchored proteins (cluster of differentiation, transporters, receptors and GPI anchored proteins implicated in cell‐cell and cell‐ECM interactions); and (ii) membrane surface‐associated proteins (that are released by divalent ion chelator EDTA) implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, junction organization, glycolysis and platelet activation. Ligand‐receptor analysis of L‐EV surfaceome (e.g., ITGAV/ITGB1) uncovered interactome spanning 172 experimentally verified cognate binding partners (e.g., ANGPTL3, PLG, and VTN) with highest tissue enrichment for liver. Assessment of biotin inaccessible L‐EV proteome revealed enrichment for proteins belonging to COPI/II‐coated ER/Golgi‐derived vesicles and mitochondria. Additionally, despite common surface proteins identified in L‐EVs and S‐EVs, our data reveals surfaceome heterogeneity between the two EV‐subtype. Collectively, our study provides critical insights into diverse proteins operating at the interactive platform of L‐EVs and molecular leads for future studies seeking to decipher L‐EV heterogeneity and function. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Protein markers
EV: Alix/ CD63/ TSG101
non-EV: None
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.07-1.11
Show all info
Study aim
Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-?related methods
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
SW620
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
30
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 28
Pelleting: speed (g)
10000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
0.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
2
Pelleting: speed (g)
10000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
microBCA
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Alix/ CD63/ TSG101
Proteomics database
Yes
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
mean and size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
166 mean, range 50-250 nm
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
EV210261 2/8 Homo sapiens SW620 (d)(U)C
DG
Rai, Alin 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Alin Rai, Haoyun Fang, Bethany Claridge, Richard J. Simpson, and David W Greening
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
The extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteome (surfaceome) acts as a fundamental signalling gatewa (show more...)The extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteome (surfaceome) acts as a fundamental signalling gateway by bridging intra‐ and extracellular signalling networks, dictates EVs’ capacity to communicate and interact with their environment, and is a source of potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, our understanding of surface protein composition of large EVs (L‐EVs, 100–800 nm, mean 310 nm, ATP5F1A, ATP5F1B, DHX9, GOT2, HSPA5, HSPD1, MDH2, STOML2), a major EV‐subtype that are distinct from small EVs (S‐EVs, 30–150 nm, mean 110 nm, CD44, CD63, CD81, CD82, CD9, PDCD6IP, SDCBP, TSG101) remains limited. Using a membrane impermeant derivative of biotin to capture surface proteins coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, we show that out of 4143 proteins identified in density‐gradient purified L‐EVs (1.07–1.11 g/mL, from multiple cancer cell lines), 961 proteins are surface accessible. The surface molecular diversity of L‐EVs include (i) bona fide plasma membrane anchored proteins (cluster of differentiation, transporters, receptors and GPI anchored proteins implicated in cell‐cell and cell‐ECM interactions); and (ii) membrane surface‐associated proteins (that are released by divalent ion chelator EDTA) implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, junction organization, glycolysis and platelet activation. Ligand‐receptor analysis of L‐EV surfaceome (e.g., ITGAV/ITGB1) uncovered interactome spanning 172 experimentally verified cognate binding partners (e.g., ANGPTL3, PLG, and VTN) with highest tissue enrichment for liver. Assessment of biotin inaccessible L‐EV proteome revealed enrichment for proteins belonging to COPI/II‐coated ER/Golgi‐derived vesicles and mitochondria. Additionally, despite common surface proteins identified in L‐EVs and S‐EVs, our data reveals surfaceome heterogeneity between the two EV‐subtype. Collectively, our study provides critical insights into diverse proteins operating at the interactive platform of L‐EVs and molecular leads for future studies seeking to decipher L‐EV heterogeneity and function. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Protein markers
EV: CD63
non-EV: None
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.07-1.11
Show all info
Study aim
Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-?related methods
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
SW620
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
0.5
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
SW 41 Ti
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
2
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
microBCA
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63
Proteomics database
Yes
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
mean and size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
50-500
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
310
EV210043 2/2 Homo sapiens hcMEC/D3 DG
(d)(U)C
UF
Filtration
Fikatas, Antonios 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Antonios Fikatas, Jonas Dehairs, Sam Noppen, Jordi Doijen, Frank Vanderhoydonc, Eef Meyen, Johannes V Swinnen, Christophe Pannecouque, Dominique Schols
Journal
Viruses
Abstract
To date, no vaccines or antivirals are available against Zika virus (ZIKV). In addition, the mechani (show more...)To date, no vaccines or antivirals are available against Zika virus (ZIKV). In addition, the mechanisms underlying ZIKV-associated pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unexplored. Getting more insight into the cellular pathways that ZIKV recruits to facilitate infection of susceptible cells will be crucial for establishing an effective treatment strategy. In general, cells secrete a number of vesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), in response to viral infections. These EVs serve as intercellular communicators. Here, we investigated the role of EVs derived from ZIKV-infected human brain microvascular endothelial cells on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) system. We demonstrated that ZIKV-infected EVs (IEVs) can incorporate viral components, including ZIKV RNA, NS1, and E-protein, and further transfer them to several types of CNS cells. Using label-free impedance-based biosensing, we observed that ZIKV and IEVs can temporally disturb the monolayer integrity of BBB-mimicking cells, possibly by inducing structural rearrangements of the adherent protein VE-cadherin (immunofluorescence staining). Finally, differences in the lipidomic profile between EVs and their parental cells possibly suggest a preferential sorting mechanism of specific lipid species into the vesicles. To conclude, these data suggest that IEVs could be postulated as vehicles (Trojan horse) for ZIKV transmission via the BBB. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
ZIKV-infected
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
DG
(d)(U)C
UF
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ Alix/ CD63
non-EV: Calnexin
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.06-1.16
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
hcMEC/D3
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
Commercial EDS
Cell viability (%)
NA
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
1260
Pelleting: rotor type
TH-641
Pelleting: speed (g)
100 000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
10
Wash: time (min)
180
Wash: Rotor Type
TH-641
Wash: speed (g)
100 000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
4
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
10
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
TH-641
Speed (g)
100 000
Duration (min)
1080
Fraction volume (mL)
1,5
Fraction processing
None
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Ultra filtration
Cut-off size (kDa)
10
Membrane type
Regenerated cellulose
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Bradford
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD63/ TSG101/ Alix
Not detected contaminants
Calnexin
Characterization: Lipid analysis
Yes
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
175
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 1,40E+08
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Wide-field
Report size (nm)
130
EV210021 1/2 Rattus norvegicus Primary rat hepatocytes (d)(U)C
Filtration
DG
Mleczko, J.E. 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
J.E. Mleczko, F. Royo, I. Samuelson, M. Clos-Garcia, C. Williams, D. Cabrera, M. Azparren-Angulo, E. Gonzalez, C. Garcia-Vallicrosa, S. Carobbio, S. Rodriguez-Cuenca, M. Azkargorta, S. van Liempd, F. Elortza, A. Vidal-Puig, S. Mora, J.M. Falcon-Perez
Journal
Journal of Extracellular Biology
Abstract
The composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is altered in many pathological condi-tions, and the (show more...)The composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is altered in many pathological condi-tions, and their molecular content provides essential information on features of par-ent cells and mechanisms of crosstalk between cells and organs. Metabolic Syndrome(MetS) is a cluster of clinical manifestations including obesity, insulin resistance, dys-lipidemia and hypertension that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the crosstalk between liver and adipocytes bycharacterizing EVs secreted by primary hepatocytes isolated from Zucker rat model,and studied the effect they have on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that steatotic hepa-tocytes secrete EVs with significantly reduced exosomal markers in comparison withtheir lean counterpart. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that those EVs reflectthe metabolic state of the parent cell in that the majority of proteins upregulated relateto fat metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway.In addition, hepatocytes-secreted EVs influenced lipolysis and insulin sensitivity inrecipient 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Untargeted metabolomic analysis detected alterations indifferent adipocyte metabolic pathways in cells treated with hepatic EVs. In summary,our work showed that steatosis has a significant impact in the amount and composi-tion of EVs secreted by hepatocytes. Moreover, our data point to the involvement ofhepatic-EVs in the development of pathologies associated with MetS. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Obese hepatocytes
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Filtration
Density gradient
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ CD63/ CD81/ HSP90/ Alix/ Flotillin1/ HSP70
non-EV: GRP78/ COXIV/ Parp
Proteomics
yes
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Rattus norvegicus
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
Primary rat hepatocytes
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
overnight (16h) at >=100,000g
Cell count
300000000
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 45 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
45
Wash: time (min)
90
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 45 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
2
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
16,5
Sample volume (mL)
5,5
Orientation
Top-down
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
160
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
Not repo
Pelleting: duration (min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
Not reported
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Bradford
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD63/ HSP90/ TSG101/ HSP70/ Alix/ CD81
Not detected EV-associated proteins
HSP90/ HSP70/ CD81/ Flotillin1/ TSG101/ CD63/ Alix
Detected contaminants
COXIV/ GRP78/ Parp
Not detected contaminants
COXIV/ GRP78/ Parp
Proteomics database
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
50-400
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
as number of particles per million cells: 2
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up
EV210021 2/2 Rattus norvegicus Primary rat hepatocytes (d)(U)C
Filtration
Mleczko, J.E. 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
J.E. Mleczko, F. Royo, I. Samuelson, M. Clos-Garcia, C. Williams, D. Cabrera, M. Azparren-Angulo, E. Gonzalez, C. Garcia-Vallicrosa, S. Carobbio, S. Rodriguez-Cuenca, M. Azkargorta, S. van Liempd, F. Elortza, A. Vidal-Puig, S. Mora, J.M. Falcon-Perez
Journal
Journal of Extracellular Biology
Abstract
The composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is altered in many pathological condi-tions, and the (show more...)The composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is altered in many pathological condi-tions, and their molecular content provides essential information on features of par-ent cells and mechanisms of crosstalk between cells and organs. Metabolic Syndrome(MetS) is a cluster of clinical manifestations including obesity, insulin resistance, dys-lipidemia and hypertension that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the crosstalk between liver and adipocytes bycharacterizing EVs secreted by primary hepatocytes isolated from Zucker rat model,and studied the effect they have on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that steatotic hepa-tocytes secrete EVs with significantly reduced exosomal markers in comparison withtheir lean counterpart. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that those EVs reflectthe metabolic state of the parent cell in that the majority of proteins upregulated relateto fat metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway.In addition, hepatocytes-secreted EVs influenced lipolysis and insulin sensitivity inrecipient 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Untargeted metabolomic analysis detected alterations indifferent adipocyte metabolic pathways in cells treated with hepatic EVs. In summary,our work showed that steatosis has a significant impact in the amount and composi-tion of EVs secreted by hepatocytes. Moreover, our data point to the involvement ofhepatic-EVs in the development of pathologies associated with MetS. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Lean hepatocytes
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Filtration
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ CD63/ CD81/ HSP90/ Alix/ Flotillin1/ HSP70
non-EV: Grp78/ GRP78/ COXIV/ Parp
Proteomics
yes
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Rattus norvegicus
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
Primary rat hepatocytes
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
overnight (16h) at >=100,000g
Cell count
300000000
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 45 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Wash: volume per pellet (ml)
45
Wash: time (min)
90
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 45 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Only used for validation of main results
Yes
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
2
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
16,5
Sample volume (mL)
5,5
Orientation
Top-down
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
160
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
Not repo
Pelleting: duration (min)
60
Pelleting: rotor type
Not reported
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Bradford
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD63/ HSP90/ TSG101/ HSP70/ Alix/ CD81
Not detected EV-associated proteins
HSP90/ HSP70/ CD81/ Flotillin1/ TSG101/ CD63/ Alix
Detected contaminants
COXIV/ GRP78/ Parp
Not detected contaminants
COXIV/ Grp78/ Parp
Proteomics database
No
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
50-400
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
as number of particles per million cells: 1,8
EM
EM-type
Cryo-EM
Image type
Close-up
EV200159 2/4 Homo sapiens Expi293F DG
(d)(U)C
Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez, Farid N Faruqu, Amer F Saleh, Andreia M Silva, Julie Tzu-Wen Wang, Janusz Rak, Khuloud T Al-Jamal, Niek Dekker
Journal
ACS Nano
Abstract
The ability to track extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo without influencing their biodistribution (show more...)The ability to track extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo without influencing their biodistribution is a key requirement for their successful development as drug delivery vehicles and therapeutic agents. Here, we evaluated the effect of five different optical and nuclear tracers on the in vivo biodistribution of EVs. Expi293F EVs were labeled using either a noncovalent fluorescent dye DiR, or covalent modification with 111indium-DTPA, or bioengineered with fluorescent (mCherry) or bioluminescent (Firefly and NanoLuc luciferase) proteins fused to the EV marker, CD63. To focus specifically on the effect of the tracer, we compared EVs derived from the same cell source and administered systemically by the same route and at equal dose into tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. 111Indium and DiR were the most sensitive tracers for in vivo imaging of EVs, providing the most accurate quantification of vesicle biodistribution by ex vivo imaging of organs and analysis of tissue lysates. Specifically, NanoLuc fused to CD63 altered EV distribution, resulting in high accumulation in the lungs, demonstrating that genetic modification of EVs for tracking purposes may compromise their physiological biodistribution. Blood kinetic analysis revealed that EVs are rapidly cleared from the circulation with a half-life below 10 min. Our study demonstrates that radioactivity is the most accurate EV tracking approach for a complete quantitative biodistribution study including pharmacokinetic profiling. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive comparison of fluorescent, bioluminescent, and radioactivity approaches, including dual labeling of EVs, to enable accurate spatiotemporal resolution of EV trafficking in mice, an essential step in developing EV therapeutics. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
CD63-mCherry
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
Density gradient
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Protein markers
EV: CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ Flotillin1/ CD9/ mcherry
non-EV: Lamin B1
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.10 - 1.13
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods/Mechanism of uptake/transfer
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
Expi293F
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Cell viability (%)
85
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 45 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
9
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
50%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
17
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
SW 32.1 Ti
Speed (g)
120000
Duration (min)
960
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
94
Pelleting: duration (min)
180
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 45 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ CD9/ CD63/ mCherry/ Alix/ CD81
Not detected contaminants
Lamin B1
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
126-154
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
particles per milliliter of final volume of sample;Yes, other: 5,00E+13
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
56
EV200159 3/4 Homo sapiens Expi293F DG
(d)(U)C
Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez, Farid N Faruqu, Amer F Saleh, Andreia M Silva, Julie Tzu-Wen Wang, Janusz Rak, Khuloud T Al-Jamal, Niek Dekker
Journal
ACS Nano
Abstract
The ability to track extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo without influencing their biodistribution (show more...)The ability to track extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo without influencing their biodistribution is a key requirement for their successful development as drug delivery vehicles and therapeutic agents. Here, we evaluated the effect of five different optical and nuclear tracers on the in vivo biodistribution of EVs. Expi293F EVs were labeled using either a noncovalent fluorescent dye DiR, or covalent modification with 111indium-DTPA, or bioengineered with fluorescent (mCherry) or bioluminescent (Firefly and NanoLuc luciferase) proteins fused to the EV marker, CD63. To focus specifically on the effect of the tracer, we compared EVs derived from the same cell source and administered systemically by the same route and at equal dose into tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. 111Indium and DiR were the most sensitive tracers for in vivo imaging of EVs, providing the most accurate quantification of vesicle biodistribution by ex vivo imaging of organs and analysis of tissue lysates. Specifically, NanoLuc fused to CD63 altered EV distribution, resulting in high accumulation in the lungs, demonstrating that genetic modification of EVs for tracking purposes may compromise their physiological biodistribution. Blood kinetic analysis revealed that EVs are rapidly cleared from the circulation with a half-life below 10 min. Our study demonstrates that radioactivity is the most accurate EV tracking approach for a complete quantitative biodistribution study including pharmacokinetic profiling. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive comparison of fluorescent, bioluminescent, and radioactivity approaches, including dual labeling of EVs, to enable accurate spatiotemporal resolution of EV trafficking in mice, an essential step in developing EV therapeutics. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
CD63-FLuc
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
Density gradient
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Protein markers
EV: CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ Flotillin1/ CD9
non-EV: Lamin B1
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.10 - 1.13
Show all info
Study aim
Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods/Mechanism of uptake/transfer
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
Expi293F
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Cell viability (%)
85
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Below or equal to 800 g
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 45 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
9
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
50%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
17
Sample volume (mL)
1
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
SW 32.1 Ti
Speed (g)
120000
Duration (min)
960
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
94
Pelleting: duration (min)
180
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 45 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
120000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Fluorometric assay (e.g. Qubit, NanoOrange,...)
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
Flotillin1/ Alix/ Firely luciferase/ CD9/ CD63/ CD81
Not detected contaminants
Lamin B1
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Size range/distribution
Reported size (nm)
126-154
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
particles per milliliter of final volume of sample;Yes, other: 1,50E+13
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Close-up, Wide-field
Report size (nm)
80
EV200157 5/10 Homo sapiens MDA-MB-468 (d)(U)C
SEC (non-commercial)
Polymer-based precipitation
DG
Martínez-Greene, Juan A 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Juan A Martínez-Greene, Karina Hernández-Ortega, Ricardo Quiroz-Baez, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Israel Pichardo-Casas, David A Sinclair, Bogdan Budnik, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda, Eileen Uribe-Querol, María Del Pilar Ramos-Godínez, Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
The molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has revealed a great heterogeneity in (show more...)The molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has revealed a great heterogeneity in their composition at a cellular and tissue level. Current isolation methods fail to efficiently separate EV subtypes for proteomic and functional analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible and scalable isolation workflow to increase the yield and purity of EV preparations. Through a combination of polymer-based precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (Pre-SEC), we analyzed two subsets of EVs based on their CD9, CD63 and CD81 content and elution time. EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot assays. To evaluate differences in protein composition between the early- and late-eluting EV fractions, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of MDA-MB-468-derived EVs. We identified 286 exclusive proteins in early-eluting fractions and 148 proteins with a differential concentration between early- and late-eluting fractions. A density gradient analysis further revealed EV heterogeneity within each analyzed subgroup. Through a systems biology approach, we found significant interactions among proteins contained in the EVs which suggest the existence of functional clusters related to specific biological processes. The workflow presented here allows the study of EV subtypes within a single cell type and contributes to standardizing the EV isolation for functional studies. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Size-exclusion chromatography (non-commercial)
Polymer-based precipitation
Density gradient
Protein markers
EV: CD9/ CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ TSG101/ ANXA2/ ANXA5
non-EV: Albumin
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.08-1.15
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Biomarker/Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
MDA-MB-468
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
>=18h at >= 100,000g
Cell viability (%)
95
Cell count
1.50E+06
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
39
Pelleting: rotor type
TLA-100.3
Pelleting: speed (g)
118000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
3
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
30%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
5
Sample volume (mL)
2.5
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
SW 55 Ti
Speed (g)
200000
Duration (min)
60
Fraction volume (mL)
0.49
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
2.8
Pelleting: duration (min)
39
Pelleting: rotor type
TLA-100.3
Pelleting: speed (g)
118000
Size-exclusion chromatography
Total column volume (mL)
10
Sample volume/column (mL)
1
Resin type
Sepharose CL-2B
Other
Name other separation method
Polymer-based precipitation
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
SEC fraction
Used subtypes
F5-10
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
BCA
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ TSG101/ ANXA2/ ANXA5
Detected contaminants
Albumin
Proteomics database
Yes: ProteomeXchange
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
148.9
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 4.13E+11
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Wide-field
EV200157 6/10 Homo sapiens MDA-MB-468 (d)(U)C
SEC (non-commercial)
Polymer-based precipitation
DG
Martínez-Greene, Juan A 2021 89%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Juan A Martínez-Greene, Karina Hernández-Ortega, Ricardo Quiroz-Baez, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Israel Pichardo-Casas, David A Sinclair, Bogdan Budnik, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda, Eileen Uribe-Querol, María Del Pilar Ramos-Godínez, Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
Journal
J Extracell Vesicles
Abstract
The molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has revealed a great heterogeneity in (show more...)The molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has revealed a great heterogeneity in their composition at a cellular and tissue level. Current isolation methods fail to efficiently separate EV subtypes for proteomic and functional analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible and scalable isolation workflow to increase the yield and purity of EV preparations. Through a combination of polymer-based precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (Pre-SEC), we analyzed two subsets of EVs based on their CD9, CD63 and CD81 content and elution time. EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot assays. To evaluate differences in protein composition between the early- and late-eluting EV fractions, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of MDA-MB-468-derived EVs. We identified 286 exclusive proteins in early-eluting fractions and 148 proteins with a differential concentration between early- and late-eluting fractions. A density gradient analysis further revealed EV heterogeneity within each analyzed subgroup. Through a systems biology approach, we found significant interactions among proteins contained in the EVs which suggest the existence of functional clusters related to specific biological processes. The workflow presented here allows the study of EV subtypes within a single cell type and contributes to standardizing the EV isolation for functional studies. (hide)
EV-METRIC
89% (99th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Size-exclusion chromatography (non-commercial)
Polymer-based precipitation
Density gradient
Protein markers
EV: CD9/ CD63/ CD81/ Alix/ TSG101/ ANXA2/ ANXA5
non-EV: Albumin
Proteomics
yes
EV density (g/ml)
1.08-1.15
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Biomarker/Identification of content (omics approaches)/Technical analysis comparing/optimizing EV-related methods
Sample
Species
Homo sapiens
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
MDA-MB-468
EV-harvesting Medium
EV-depleted medium
Preparation of EDS
>=18h at >= 100,000g
Cell viability (%)
95
Cell count
1.50E+06
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
39
Pelleting: rotor type
TLA-100.3
Pelleting: speed (g)
118000
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
3
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
30%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
5
Sample volume (mL)
2.5
Orientation
Bottom-up
Rotor type
SW 55 Ti
Speed (g)
200000
Duration (min)
60
Fraction volume (mL)
0.49
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
2.8
Pelleting: duration (min)
39
Pelleting: rotor type
TLA-100.3
Pelleting: speed (g)
118000
Size-exclusion chromatography
Total column volume (mL)
10
Sample volume/column (mL)
1
Resin type
Sepharose CL-2B
Other
Name other separation method
Polymer-based precipitation
EV-subtype
Distinction between multiple subtypes
SEC fraction
Used subtypes
F11-16
Characterization: Protein analysis
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ CD63/ CD81/ ANXA2/ ANXA5
Not detected EV-associated proteins
Alix/ TSG101
Detected contaminants
Albumin
Proteomics database
Yes: ProteomeXchange
Characterization: Particle analysis
NTA
Report type
Mean
Reported size (nm)
124
EV concentration
Yes
Particle yield
Yes, as number of particles per milliliter of starting sample 4.29E+11
EM
EM-type
Transmission-EM
Image type
Wide-field
EV210179 2/6 Mus musculus Renca (d)(U)C
DG
Samoylenko, Anatoliy 2021 88%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Anatoliy Samoylenko, Martin Kögler, Artem Zhyvolozhnyi, Olha Makieieva, Geneviève Bart, Sampson S. Andoh, Matthieu Roussey, Seppo J. Vainio, and Jussi Hiltunen
Journal
Sci Rep
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse group of small membrane-encapsulated particles invo (show more...)Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse group of small membrane-encapsulated particles involved in cell–cell communication, but the technologies to characterize EVs are still limited. Hypoxia is a typical condition in solid tumors, and cancer-derived EVs support tumor growth and invasion of tissues by tumor cells. We found that exposure of renal adenocarcinoma cells to hypoxia induced EV secretion and led to notable changes in the EV protein cargo in comparison to normoxia. Proteomics analysis showed overrepresentation of proteins involved in adhesion, such as integrins, in hypoxic EV samples. We further assessed the efficacy of time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-RS) and surface-enhanced time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) to characterize EVs. While the conventional continuous wave excitation Raman spectroscopy did not provide a notable signal, prominent signals were obtained with the TG-RS that were further enhanced in the TG-SERS. The Raman signal showed characteristic changes in the amide regions due to alteration in the chemical bonds of the EV proteins. The results illustrate that the TG-RS and the TG-SERS are promising label free technologies to study cellular impact of external stimuli, such as oxygen deficiency, on EV production, as well as differences arising from distinct EV purification protocols. (hide)
EV-METRIC
88% (98th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(d)(U)C
DG
Protein markers
EV: TSG101/ Alix/ CD9/ CD81
non-EV: Argonaute2/ GM130
Proteomics
no
EV density (g/ml)
1.07-1.12
Show all info
Study aim
New methodological development/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Mus musculus
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
Renca
EV-harvesting Medium
Serum free medium
Cell viability (%)
97
Cell count
Not reported
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Pelleting performed
No
Density gradient
Type
Continuous
Lowest density fraction
5%
Highest density fraction
40%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
12
Sample volume (mL)
2
Orientation
Top-down
Rotor type
TH-641
Speed (g)
100000
Duration (min)
900
Fraction volume (mL)
1
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: volume per fraction
10
Pelleting: duration (min)
900
Pelleting: rotor type
TH-641
Pelleting: speed (g)
100000
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
BCA
Protein Yield (µg)
Yes, per cell 0.17
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
CD9/ TSG101/ Alix/ CD81
Not detected contaminants
GM130/ Argonaute2
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No