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Details	EV-TRACK ID	Experiment nr.	Species	Sample type	Separation protocol	First author	Year	EV-METRIC
	EV140133	1/1	Homo sapiens	NAY	(d)(U)C DG Filtration	Arenaccio C	2014	25%
Study summary Full title Exosomes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells license quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes to replicate HIV-1 through a Nef- and ADAM17-dependent mechanism All authors Arenaccio C, Chiozzini C, Columba-Cabezas S, Manfredi F, Affabris E, Baur A, Federico M Journal J Virol Abstract Resting CD4+ T lymphocytes resist human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we provide evi (show more...)Resting CD4+ T lymphocytes resist human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we provide evidence that exosomes from HIV-1-infected cells render resting human primary CD4+ T lymphocytes permissive to HIV-1 replication. These results were obtained with transwell cocultures of HIV-1-infected cells with quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes in the presence of inhibitors of exosome release and were confirmed using exosomes purified from supernatants of HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. We found that the expression of HIV-1 Nef in exosome-producing cells is both necessary and sufficient for cell activation as well as HIV-1 replication in target CD4+ T lymphocytes. We also identified a Nef domain important for the effects we observed, i.e., the 62EEEE65 acidic cluster domain. In addition, we observed that ADAM17, i.e., a disintegrin and metalloprotease converting pro-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) in its mature form, associates with exosomes from HIV-1-infected cells, and plays a key role in the HIV-1 replication in quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes. Treatment with an inhibitor of ADAM17 abolished both activation and HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. TNF-? is the downstream effector of ADAM17 since the treatment of resting lymphocytes with anti-TNF-? antibodies blocked the HIV-1 replication. The data presented here are consistent with a model where Nef induces intercellular communication through exosomes to activate bystander quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes, thus stimulating viral spread.IMPORTANCE: Overall, our findings support the idea that HIV evolved to usurp the exosome-based intercellular communication network to favor its spread in infected hosts. (hide) EV-METRIC 25% (64th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type) Reported Not reported Not applicable EV-enriched proteins Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins non EV-enriched protein Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein qualitative and quantitative analysis Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected. electron microscopy images Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image density gradient Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs EV density Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density ultracentrifugation specifics Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps antibody specifics Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution lysate preparation Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition Study data Sample type Cell culture supernatant Sample origin NAY Focus vesicles exosomes Separation protocol Separation protocol Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the different steps of the separation protocol. dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation DG = density gradient UF = ultrafiltration SEC = size-exclusion chromatography IAF = immuno-affinity capture (d)(U)C DG Filtration Protein markers EV: AChE/ CD63/ ICAM1 non-EV: Proteomics no Show all info Study aim Function Sample Species Homo sapiens Sample Type Cell culture supernatant Separation Method (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation dUC: centrifugation steps Below or equal to 800 g Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g Pelleting performed Yes Pelleting: time(min) 60 Density gradient Only used for validation of main results Yes Lowest density fraction 6 Highest density fraction 18 Orientation Top-down Filtration steps 0.22µm or 0.2µm Western Blot Antibody details provided? No Detected EV-associated proteins AChE/ ICAM1 ELISA Antibody details provided? No Detected EV-associated proteins AChE/ ICAM1

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EV-TRACK ID	EV140133
species	Homo sapiens
sample type	Cell culture
cell type	NAY
condition	NAY
separation protocol	(d)(U)C DG Filtration
Exp. nr.	1
EV-METRIC %	25