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Details	EV-TRACK ID	Experiment nr.	Species	Sample type	Separation protocol	First author	Year	EV-METRIC
	EV140078	1/1	Mus musculus	NAY	(d)(U)C Filtration	Guo BB	2014	33%
Study summary Full title The neutral sphingomyelinase pathway regulates packaging of the prion protein into exosomes All authors Guo BB, Bellingham SA, Hill AF Journal J Biol Chem Abstract Prion diseases are a group of transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the m (show more...)Prion diseases are a group of transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the misfolding of the host-encoded prion protein, PrP(C), into a disease-associated form, PrP(Sc). The transmissible prion agent is principally formed of PrP(Sc) itself and is associated with extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes are released from cells both in vitro and in vivo, and have been proposed as a mechanism by which prions spread intercellularly. The biogenesis of exosomes occurs within the endosomal system, through formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), which are subsequently released from cells as exosomes. ILV formation is known to be regulated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, although an alternative neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) pathway has been suggested to also regulate this process. Here, we investigate a role for the nSMase pathway in exosome biogenesis and packaging of PrP into these vesicles. Inhibition of the nSMase pathway using GW4869 revealed a role for the nSMase pathway in both exosome formation and PrP packaging. In agreement, targeted knockdown of nSMase1 and nSMase2 in mouse neurons using lentivirus-mediated RNAi also decreases exosome release, demonstrating the nSMase pathway regulates the biogenesis and release of exosomes. We also demonstrate that PrP(C) packaging is dependent on nSMase2, whereas the packaging of disease-associated PrP(Sc) into exosomes occurs independently of nSMase2. These findings provide further insight into prion transmission and identify a pathway which directly assists exosome-mediated transmission of prions. (hide) EV-METRIC 33% (75th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type) Reported Not reported Not applicable EV-enriched proteins Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins non EV-enriched protein Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein qualitative and quantitative analysis Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected. electron microscopy images Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image density gradient Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs EV density Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density ultracentrifugation specifics Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps antibody specifics Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution lysate preparation Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition Study data Sample type Cell culture supernatant Sample origin NAY Focus vesicles exosomes Separation protocol Separation protocol Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the different steps of the separation protocol. dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation DG = density gradient UF = ultrafiltration SEC = size-exclusion chromatography IAF = immuno-affinity capture (d)(U)C Filtration Protein markers EV: TSG101/ AChE/ Flotilin1 non-EV: NUCLEOPORIN/ Cell organelle protein/ Bcl2 Proteomics no Show all info Study aim Biogenesis/Sorting Sample Species Mus musculus Sample Type Cell culture supernatant EV-harvesting Medium EV Depleted Separation Method (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation dUC: centrifugation steps Between 800 g and 10,000 g Between 10,000 g and 50,000 g Between 100,000 g and 150,000 g Pelleting performed No Filtration steps 0.22µm or 0.2µm Characterization: Protein analysis Western Blot Antibody details provided? No Detected EV-associated proteins Flotilin1/ TSG101/ AChE Detected contaminants Cell organelle protein/ "Bcl2/ NUCLEOPORIN" ELISA Antibody details provided? No Detected EV-associated proteins AChE Characterization: Particle analysis TRPS EM EM-type transmission EM Image type Wide-field

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EV-TRACK ID	EV140078
species	Mus musculus
sample type	Cell culture
cell type	NAY
condition	NAY
separation protocol	(d)(U)C Filtration
Exp. nr.	1
EV-METRIC %	33