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You searched for: EV230666 (EV-TRACK ID)

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Experiment number
  • If needed, multiple experiments were identified in a single publication based on differing sample types, separation protocols and/or vesicle types of interest.
Species
  • Species of origin of the EVs.
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the different steps of the separation protocol.
    • (d)(U)C = (differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
Details EV-TRACK ID Experiment nr. Species Sample type Separation protocol First author Year EV-METRIC
EV230666 1/5 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Strain 173 (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Kieselbach T 2015 33%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Kieselbach T, Zijnge V, Granström E, Oscarsson J
Journal
PLoS One
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive fo (show more...)Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by this species have been demonstrated to deliver effector proteins such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and leukotoxin (LtxA) into human host cells and to act as triggers of innate immunity upon carriage of NOD1- and NOD2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity-associated functions that A. actinomycetemcomitans exports via OMVs, we studied the proteome of density gradient-purified OMVs from a rough-colony type clinical isolate, strain 173 (serotype e) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis yielded the identification of 151 proteins, which were found in at least three out of four independent experiments. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002509. Through this study, we not only confirmed the vesicle-associated release of LtxA, and the presence of proteins, which are known to act as immunoreactive antigens in the human host, but we also identified numerous additional putative virulence-related proteins in the A. actinomycetemcomitans OMV proteome. The known and putative functions of these proteins include immune evasion, drug targeting, and iron/nutrient acquisition. In summary, our findings are consistent with an OMV-associated proteome that exhibits several offensive and defensive functions, and they provide a comprehensive basis to further disclose roles of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMVs in periodontal and systemic disease. (hide)
EV-METRIC
33% (74th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
Outer membrane vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
1 (pelleting) / 1 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: GroEL
non-EV: None
Proteomics
yes
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
Strain 173
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
85000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Wash: time (min)
120
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
85000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
7
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
45%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
4.170
Sample volume (mL)
0.150
Orientation
Bottom-up
Speed (g)
180000
Duration (min)
180
Fraction volume (mL)
0.2
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: speed (g)
16000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
9,55E
Pelleting-wash: speed (g)
JA-18.1
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Spectrophotometry
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
GroEL
Proteomics database
ProteomeXchange
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
EM
EM-type
Atomic force microscopy
Image type
Wide-field
EV230666 3/5 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans D7SS (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Kieselbach T 2015 29%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Kieselbach T, Zijnge V, Granström E, Oscarsson J
Journal
PLoS One
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive fo (show more...)Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by this species have been demonstrated to deliver effector proteins such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and leukotoxin (LtxA) into human host cells and to act as triggers of innate immunity upon carriage of NOD1- and NOD2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity-associated functions that A. actinomycetemcomitans exports via OMVs, we studied the proteome of density gradient-purified OMVs from a rough-colony type clinical isolate, strain 173 (serotype e) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis yielded the identification of 151 proteins, which were found in at least three out of four independent experiments. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002509. Through this study, we not only confirmed the vesicle-associated release of LtxA, and the presence of proteins, which are known to act as immunoreactive antigens in the human host, but we also identified numerous additional putative virulence-related proteins in the A. actinomycetemcomitans OMV proteome. The known and putative functions of these proteins include immune evasion, drug targeting, and iron/nutrient acquisition. In summary, our findings are consistent with an OMV-associated proteome that exhibits several offensive and defensive functions, and they provide a comprehensive basis to further disclose roles of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMVs in periodontal and systemic disease. (hide)
EV-METRIC
29% (67th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
delltxA delcdtABC
Focus vesicles
Outer membrane vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
1 (pelleting) / 1 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: None
non-EV: None
Proteomics
no
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
D7SS
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
85000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Wash: time (min)
120
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
85000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
7
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
45%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
4.170
Sample volume (mL)
0.150
Orientation
Bottom-up
Speed (g)
180000
Duration (min)
180
Fraction volume (mL)
0.2
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: speed (g)
16000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
9,55E
Pelleting-wash: speed (g)
JA-18.1
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
None
Protein Concentration Method
Spectrophotometry
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
None
EV230666 4/5 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans D7SS (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Kieselbach T 2015 29%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Kieselbach T, Zijnge V, Granström E, Oscarsson J
Journal
PLoS One
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive fo (show more...)Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by this species have been demonstrated to deliver effector proteins such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and leukotoxin (LtxA) into human host cells and to act as triggers of innate immunity upon carriage of NOD1- and NOD2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity-associated functions that A. actinomycetemcomitans exports via OMVs, we studied the proteome of density gradient-purified OMVs from a rough-colony type clinical isolate, strain 173 (serotype e) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis yielded the identification of 151 proteins, which were found in at least three out of four independent experiments. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002509. Through this study, we not only confirmed the vesicle-associated release of LtxA, and the presence of proteins, which are known to act as immunoreactive antigens in the human host, but we also identified numerous additional putative virulence-related proteins in the A. actinomycetemcomitans OMV proteome. The known and putative functions of these proteins include immune evasion, drug targeting, and iron/nutrient acquisition. In summary, our findings are consistent with an OMV-associated proteome that exhibits several offensive and defensive functions, and they provide a comprehensive basis to further disclose roles of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMVs in periodontal and systemic disease. (hide)
EV-METRIC
29% (67th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
delpal
Focus vesicles
Outer membrane vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
1 (pelleting) / 1 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: None
non-EV: None
Proteomics
no
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
D7SS
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
85000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Wash: time (min)
120
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
85000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
7
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
45%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
4.170
Sample volume (mL)
0.150
Orientation
Bottom-up
Speed (g)
180000
Duration (min)
180
Fraction volume (mL)
0.2
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: speed (g)
16000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
9,55E
Pelleting-wash: speed (g)
JA-18.1
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
None
Protein Concentration Method
Spectrophotometry
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
None
EV230666 5/5 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Kieselbach T 2015 29%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Kieselbach T, Zijnge V, Granström E, Oscarsson J
Journal
PLoS One
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive fo (show more...)Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by this species have been demonstrated to deliver effector proteins such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and leukotoxin (LtxA) into human host cells and to act as triggers of innate immunity upon carriage of NOD1- and NOD2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity-associated functions that A. actinomycetemcomitans exports via OMVs, we studied the proteome of density gradient-purified OMVs from a rough-colony type clinical isolate, strain 173 (serotype e) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis yielded the identification of 151 proteins, which were found in at least three out of four independent experiments. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002509. Through this study, we not only confirmed the vesicle-associated release of LtxA, and the presence of proteins, which are known to act as immunoreactive antigens in the human host, but we also identified numerous additional putative virulence-related proteins in the A. actinomycetemcomitans OMV proteome. The known and putative functions of these proteins include immune evasion, drug targeting, and iron/nutrient acquisition. In summary, our findings are consistent with an OMV-associated proteome that exhibits several offensive and defensive functions, and they provide a comprehensive basis to further disclose roles of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMVs in periodontal and systemic disease. (hide)
EV-METRIC
29% (67th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
Outer membrane vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
1 (pelleting) / 1 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: None
non-EV: None
Proteomics
no
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
JP2
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
85000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Wash: time (min)
120
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
85000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
7
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
45%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
4.170
Sample volume (mL)
0.150
Orientation
Bottom-up
Speed (g)
180000
Duration (min)
180
Fraction volume (mL)
0.2
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: speed (g)
16000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
9,55E
Pelleting-wash: speed (g)
JA-18.1
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
None
Protein Concentration Method
Spectrophotometry
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
None
EV230666 2/5 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans D7SS (d)(U)C
DG
Filtration
Kieselbach T 2015 22%

Study summary

Full title
All authors
Kieselbach T, Zijnge V, Granström E, Oscarsson J
Journal
PLoS One
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive fo (show more...)Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by this species have been demonstrated to deliver effector proteins such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and leukotoxin (LtxA) into human host cells and to act as triggers of innate immunity upon carriage of NOD1- and NOD2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity-associated functions that A. actinomycetemcomitans exports via OMVs, we studied the proteome of density gradient-purified OMVs from a rough-colony type clinical isolate, strain 173 (serotype e) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis yielded the identification of 151 proteins, which were found in at least three out of four independent experiments. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002509. Through this study, we not only confirmed the vesicle-associated release of LtxA, and the presence of proteins, which are known to act as immunoreactive antigens in the human host, but we also identified numerous additional putative virulence-related proteins in the A. actinomycetemcomitans OMV proteome. The known and putative functions of these proteins include immune evasion, drug targeting, and iron/nutrient acquisition. In summary, our findings are consistent with an OMV-associated proteome that exhibits several offensive and defensive functions, and they provide a comprehensive basis to further disclose roles of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMVs in periodontal and systemic disease. (hide)
EV-METRIC
22% (58th percentile of all experiments on the same sample type)
 Reported
 Not reported
 Not applicable
EV-enriched proteins
Protein analysis: analysis of three or more EV-enriched proteins
non EV-enriched protein
Protein analysis: assessment of a non-EV-enriched protein
qualitative and quantitative analysis
Particle analysis: implementation of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative method, the reporting of measured EV concentration is expected.
electron microscopy images
Particle analysis: inclusion of a widefield and close-up electron microscopy image
density gradient
Separation method: density gradient, at least as validation of results attributed to EVs
EV density
Separation method: reporting of obtained EV density
ultracentrifugation specifics
Separation method: reporting of g-forces, duration and rotor type of ultracentrifugation steps
antibody specifics
Protein analysis: antibody clone/reference number and dilution
lysate preparation
Protein analysis: lysis buffer composition
Study data
Sample type
Cell culture supernatant
Sample origin
Control condition
Focus vesicles
Outer membrane vesicle
Separation protocol
Separation protocol
  • Gives a short, non-chronological overview of the
    different steps of the separation protocol.
    • dUC = (Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
    • DG = density gradient
    • UF = ultrafiltration
    • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
    • IAF = immuno-affinity capture
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
Density gradient
Filtration
Adj. k-factor
1 (pelleting) / 1 (washing)
Protein markers
EV: GroEL
non-EV: None
Proteomics
no
Show all info
Study aim
Function/Identification of content (omics approaches)
Sample
Species
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Sample Type
Cell culture supernatant
EV-producing cells
D7SS
Separation Method
(Differential) (ultra)centrifugation
dUC: centrifugation steps
Between 800 g and 10,000 g
Between 50,000 g and 100,000 g
Pelleting performed
Yes
Pelleting: time(min)
120
Pelleting: rotor type
Type 70 Ti
Pelleting: speed (g)
85000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Wash: time (min)
120
Wash: Rotor Type
Type 70 Ti
Wash: speed (g)
85000
Wash: adjusted k-factor
1,52E
Density gradient
Type
Discontinuous
Number of initial discontinuous layers
7
Lowest density fraction
10%
Highest density fraction
45%
Total gradient volume, incl. sample (mL)
4.170
Sample volume (mL)
0.150
Orientation
Bottom-up
Speed (g)
180000
Duration (min)
180
Fraction volume (mL)
0.2
Fraction processing
Centrifugation
Pelleting: speed (g)
16000
Pelleting: adjusted k-factor
9,55E
Pelleting-wash: speed (g)
JA-18.1
Filtration steps
0.22µm or 0.2µm
Characterization: Protein analysis
Protein Concentration Method
Spectrophotometry
Western Blot
Detected EV-associated proteins
GroEL
Characterization: Lipid analysis
No
Characterization: Particle analysis
None
1 - 5 of 5
  • CM = Commercial method
  • dUC = differential ultracentrifugation
  • DG = density gradient
  • UF = ultrafiltration
  • SEC = size-exclusion chromatography
EV-TRACK ID
EV230666
species
Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans
sample type
Cell culture
cell type
Strain 173
D7SS
D7SS
JP2
D7SS
condition
Control condition
delltxA delcdtABC
delpal
Control condition
Control condition
separation protocol
dUC/
Density gradient/ Filtration
dUC/
Density gradient/ Filtration
dUC/
Density gradient/ Filtration
dUC/
Density gradient/ Filtration
dUC/
Density gradient/ Filtration
Exp. nr.
1
3
4
5
2
EV-METRIC %
33
29
29
29
22